Define reinforcer, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and punishment, in your own words

As I mentioned in the introduction to last week’s discussion, psychology uses three methods to explain the process of learning. In classical conditioning we learn by making associations between two stimuli (things) that occur close together. This week we will focus on the other two perspectives/theories that explain the process of learning.
These are operant conditioning which looks at the consequences of our actions or behaviors. Our actions are usually followed by either a reinforcer (some type of reward) or punishment. The third type of learning is called observational learning which looks at the role imitation plays in our learning. We observe and we imitate behaviors from very early on.
Read/review the section on operant conditioning in your text book and review the slides.
For this discussion
1. Define reinforcer, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and punishment, in your own words
2. Then, discuss the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment, and give an example of each.
a.
Why is one preferable than the other in modifying
behavior?