What is Affirmative Action and what are the arguments in favor of keeping Affirm

What is Affirmative Action and what are the arguments in favor of keeping Affirmative Action programs and what are the arguments against it? [Include both pro and con arguments in your answer]. Is Affirmative Action “fair?” How so (or not so)?
LEARNING OUTCOMES: Explain who benefits from Affirmative Action and who suffers from it? Explain how “fairness” can be defined n different ways. Equality is just one way (and egalitarians favor this way). A policy may not advance or protect equality but still be fair. Recall the discussion in Unit 4 about why people favor or oppose different policies. That is, do those who favor Affirmative Action look at it from a collective (group) lens or an individualist (and heirarchist) lenses?