What is scienter, reliance, loss, causation, and secondary liability?

Questions
What is “standing” for a private cause of action?
What is scienter, reliance, loss, causation, and secondary liability?
What is the “Fraud on the Market” theory?
What are the requirements for certification of a securities class action?
Case write-up #2 (in Blackboard > Assignments > “Case #2”) .
Instructions: Write-up one of Kardon or Blue Chip.
Include the following sections:
Facts: the fact patter that resulted in the original dispute. Who did what?
Procedural Posture: the holdings or other dispositions of the administrative or lower courts.
Holding: the ruling of the court whose opinion you are analyzing
Reasoning: summarize the analysis of the majority opinion
Dissents: Note the reasoning of any dissents
Critique: How do you think the court should have resolved the dispute.